Low-Pressure vs. High-Pressure CO₂ Fire Suppression Systems: Key Differences & Choosing the Right One

A CO₂ fire suppression system extinguishes fires by displacing oxygen and reducing the heat in the affected area. Because CO₂ is non-conductive and leaves no residue, these systems are ideal for protecting sensitive equipment, electrical areas, and industrial processes. The key decision when selecting a CO₂ system is whether a low-pressure or high-pressure configuration best suits your facility. Use this comprehensive guide to help you compare low-pressure vs. high-pressure CO₂ fire suppression systems.

Low-Pressure CO₂ Systems

A low-pressure CO₂ system stores carbon dioxide in a large, refrigerated tank at approximately 300 psi (pounds per square inch) and -20°F. The CO₂ is distributed through a network of pipes to nozzles placed in the protected area.

Advantages of Low-Pressure CO₂ Systems

✅ Cost-effective for large applications – Because CO₂ is stored in bulk, low-pressure systems are more economical for facilities requiring over 2.5 tons of CO₂.
✅ Continuous supply – The system is designed for multiple discharges without needing immediate refilling, reducing downtime in high-risk environments.
✅ Efficient for large-scale protection – Ideal for manufacturing plants, power generation facilities, and marine applications where multiple areas require protection.
✅ Automated temperature control – The system maintains the CO₂ in liquid form at a stable temperature, ensuring reliable performance.

Considerations

• Higher initial installation cost – Requires a refrigerated storage tank and piping system, increasing upfront expenses.
• Space requirements – Needs dedicated space for the bulk storage tank, which may not be feasible in smaller facilities.
• Complex maintenance – Requires periodic refrigeration system checks to ensure proper CO₂ storage conditions.

High-Pressure CO₂ Systems

A high-pressure CO₂ system stores CO₂ in individual cylinders at a pressure of approximately 850-900 psi at room temperature. Each cylinder is connected to a discharge system that releases CO₂ when activated.

Advantages of High-Pressure CO₂ Systems

✅ Smaller footprint – Ideal for facilities with limited storage space, as it does not require a large bulk tank.
✅ Lower initial cost – Installation is less expensive than a low-pressure system because it does not require refrigeration or a centralized tank.
✅ Flexible design – Cylinders can be placed near the hazard areas for localized fire suppression, making it useful for smaller rooms, server spaces, or enclosed machinery.
✅ Easier to maintain – Individual cylinders are easier to inspect, replace, and refill than a large refrigerated tank.

Considerations

• More expensive for large applications – Costs increase for facilities that require large amounts of CO₂, as multiple cylinders are needed.
• Limited discharges – Each cylinder contains a fixed amount of CO₂, meaning recharging is necessary after each activation.
• Manual cylinder replacement – After discharge, cylinders must be removed, refilled, and reinstalled, leading to potential downtime.

Which CO₂ System is Best for Your Facility?

Choosing between low-pressure vs. high-pressure CO₂ systems depends on several factors, including facility size, fire risk, operational requirements, and budget. When making a choice, consider these characteristics and factors:

Consider These Key Questions:

• How large is the area you need to protect?
  • Large facilities needing multiple discharges → Low-Pressure CO₂
  • Small to mid-sized rooms or targeted areas → High-Pressure CO₂
• How often will the system be used?
  • Frequent discharges expected → Low-Pressure CO₂
  • Infrequent or single-use protection → High-Pressure CO₂
• What is your budget?
  • Higher initial cost, lower long-term costs → Low-Pressure CO₂
  • Lower initial cost, higher refilling costs → High-Pressure CO₂
• How much storage space do you have?
  • Large, dedicated area available → Low-Pressure CO₂
  • Limited space or retrofit needs → High-Pressure CO₂

Partner with a Fire Protection Expert

Both low-pressure and high-pressure CO₂ systems offer effective fire suppression for facilities where traditional water-based systems are not suitable. When comparing low-pressure vs. high-pressure CO₂ fire suppression systems, the best choice depends on your facility’s specific needs, size, fire risks, and budget.

To make sure that you select the right system, consult with fire protection experts who can assess your facility and recommend the most cost-effective, compliant, and reliable solution.

For expert guidance on CO₂ fire suppression systems, contact Fire Systems, Inc. Our team has decades of experience in designing, installing, and maintaining fire protection solutions for industrial and commercial facilities. Call us at 770-333-7979 or visit our website to learn more about how we can protect your assets.